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GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way. And so I was trying to keep track of which way is which. Just saying hello was difficult. She once visited an aboriginal community in northern Australia and found the language they spoke forced her mind to work in new ways. Maybe it's even less than a hundred meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your coat on over your pajamas and put your boots on and go outside and walk those hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness. VEDANTAM: Our conversation made me wonder about what this means on a larger scale. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to sav, Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. : A Data-Driven Prescription to Redefine Professional Success, by Lawrence S. Krieger and Kennon M. Sheldon, George Washington Law Review, 2015. And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. In the United States, we often praise people with strong convictions, and look down on those who express doubt or hesitation. You can't know, but you can certainly know that if could listen to people 50 years from now, they'd sound odd. VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. Opening scene of Lady Bird Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where. Later things are on the right. I saw this bird's-eye view, and I was this little red dot. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. So it's mendokusai. And a girl goes in this pile. He's a defender of language on the move, but I wanted to know if there were things that irritated even him. What do you do for christmas with your family? That kind of detail may not appear. VEDANTAM: As someone who spends a lot of his time listening to language evolve, John hears a lot of slang. And what he found was kids who were learning Hebrew - this is a language that has a lot of gender loading in it - figured out whether they were a boy or a girl about a year sooner than kids learning Finnish, which doesn't have a lot of gender marking in the language. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. There are different ways to be a psychologist. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. We also look at how. But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #1: (As character) If you're so upset about it, maybe you can think of a way to help her. But it's a lovely example of how language can guide you to discover something about the world that might take you longer to discover if you didn't have that information in language. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness can seem more el, When we want something very badly, it can be hard to see warning signs that might be obvious to other people. This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes . Athletic Scholarships are Negatively Associated with Intrinsic Motivation for Sports, Even Decades Later: Evidence for Long-Term Undermining, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Arlen C. Moller, Motivation Science, 2020. This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. So you have speakers of two different languages look at the same event and come away with different memories of what happened because of the structure of their languages and the way they would normally describe them. I'm Shankar Vedantam, and you're listening to HIDDEN BRAIN. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #3: (As character) I'm willing to get involved. You-uh (ph). When we come back, we dig further into the way that gender works in different languages and the pervasive effects that words can play in our lives. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. So for example, if Sam grabbed a hammer and struck the flute in anger, that would be one description, like, Sam broke the flute. And as soon as I saw that happen, I thought, oh, this makes it so much easier. If you are able, we strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which includes emotion and emphasis that's not on the page. That is exactly why you should say fewer books instead of less books in some situations and, yes, Billy and I went to the store rather than the perfectly natural Billy and me went to the store. Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. And we're all going to have feelings like that. VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality even when the facts dont back us up. The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. And in fact, speakers of languages like this have been shown to orient extremely well - much better than we used to think humans could. If you missed it, Think back to the last time someone convinced you to do something you didn't want to do, or to spend money you didn't want to spend. There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. BORODITSKY: And when they were trying to act like Wednesday, they would act like a woman BORODITSKY: Which accords with grammatical gender in Russian. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, direct support to Hidden Brain by making a gift on our Patreon page, sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain. Hidden Brain Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Science 4.6 36K Ratings; Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. And the way you speak right is not by speaking the way that people around you in your life speak, but by speaking the way the language is as it sits there all nice and pretty on that piece of paper where its reality exists. When the con was exposed, its victims defended the con artists. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? So they've compared gender equality, gender parity norms from the World Health Organization, which ranks countries on how equal access to education, how equal pay is, how equal representation in government is across the genders. You would never know, for example, that - give you an example I've actually been thinking about. This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. Transcript 585: In Defense of Ignorance Note: This American Life is produced for the ear and designed to be heard. Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. al (Eds. It's how we think about anything that's abstract, that's beyond our physical senses. Lots of languages make a distinction between things that are accidents and things that are intentional actions. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. And to our surprise, 78 percent of the time, we could predict the gender of the personification based on the grammatical gender of the noun in the artist's native language. I'm Shankar Vedantam. He's also the author of the book, "Words On The Move: Why English Won't - And Can't - Sit Still (Like, Literally).". Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Language is something that's spoken, and spoken language especially always keeps changing. I'm Shankar Vedanta. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. You would give a different description to mark that it was not intentional. All of the likes and, like, literallies (ph) might sometimes grate on your nerves, but John McWhorter says the problem might be with you, not with the way other people speak. VEDANTAM: So I find that I'm often directionally and navigationally challenged when I'm driving around, and I often get my east-west mixed up with my left-right for reasons I have never been able to fathom. If you are a podcaster, the best way to manage your podcasts on Listen Notes is by claiming your Listen Notes In The Air We Breathe . And what's cool about languages, like the languages spoken in Pormpuraaw, is that they don't use words like left and right, and instead, everything is placed in cardinal directions like north, south, east and west. Parents and peers influence our major life choices, but they can also steer us in directions that leave us deeply unsatisfied. And after listening to you, I realize I might have to finally give in. Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. Listen on the Reuters app. It's not necessarily may I please have, but may I have, I'll have, but not can I get a. I find it just vulgar for reasons that as you can see I can't even do what I would call defending. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. The best Podcast API to search all podcasts and episodes. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Shelly. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not. Long before she began researching languages as a professor, foreign languages loomed large in her life. Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. They give us a sense that the meanings of words are fixed, when in fact they're not. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. This is NPR. Sometimes you just have to suck it up. Additional Resources Book: - you would have to say something like, my arm got broken, or it so happened to me that my arm is broken. When language was like that, of course it changed a lot - fast - because once you said it, it was gone. You can run experiments in a lab or survey people on the street. UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). GEACONE-CRUZ: It describes this feeling so perfectly in such a wonderfully packaged, encapsulated way, and you can just - it rolls off the tongue, and you can just throw it. How else would you do it? You know, it's Lady Liberty and Lady Justice. BORODITSKY: Yeah. So the question for us has been, how do we build these ideas? Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. And this is NPR. to describe the world. This week, a story about a con with a twist. And so to address that question, what we do is we bring English speakers into the lab, and we teach them grammatical genders in a new language that we invent. If you, grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your. VEDANTAM: Lera now tries to understand languages spoken all over the world. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. They can be small differences but important in other ways. VEDANTAM: I asked Lera how describing the word chair or the word bridge as masculine or feminine changes the way that speakers of different languages think about those concepts. I think language can certainly be a contributor into the complex system of our thinking about gender. Podcasters use the RadioPublic listener relationship platform to build lasting connections with fans. BORODITSKY: Actually, one of the first people to notice or suggest that this might be the case was a Russian linguist, Roman Jakobson. HIDDEN BRAIN < Lost in Translation: January 29, 20189:00 PM ET VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. He. VEDANTAM: Around the world, we often hear that many languages are dying, and there are a few megalanguages that are growing and expanding in all kinds of ways. And so, for example, can I get a hamburger? It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, by Jamil Zaki, Niall Bolger, Kevin Ochsner, Psychological Science, 2008. I decided it was very important for me to learn English because I had always been a very verbal kid, and I'd - was always the person who recited poems in front of the school and, you know, led assemblies and things like that. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important new term. Whats going on here? But if you ask bilinguals, who have learned two languages and now they know that some genders disagree across the two languages, they're much less likely to say that it's because chairs are intrinsically masculine. June 20, 2020 This week on Hidden Brain, research about prejudices so deeply buried, we often doubt their existence. But time doesn't have to flow with respect to the body. All sponsorship opportunities on Hidden Brain are managed by SXM Media. If you're a monolingual speaker of one of these languages, you're very likely to say that the word chair is masculine because chairs are, in fact, masculine, right? Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. Hidden Brain Claim By Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Podcasts RSS Web PODCAST SEARCH EPISODES COMMUNITY PODCASTER EDIT SHARE Listen Score LS 84 Global Rank TOP 0.01% ABOUT THIS PODCAST Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. But I find that people now usually use the word to mean very soon, as in we're going to board the plane momentarily. I'm Shankar Vedantam. The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators and The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, by Neil Rackham and John Carlisle, Journal of European Industrial Training, 1978. So some languages don't have number words. And you can even teach people to have a little bit of fun with the artifice. But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. My big fat greek wedding, an american woman of greek ancestry falls in love with a very vanilla, american man. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. And it's sad that we're not going to be able to make use of them and learn them and celebrate them. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. You know, we spend years teaching children about how to use language correctly. JERRY SEINFELD: (As Jerry Seinfeld) The second button literally makes or breaks the shirt. So new words are as likely to evolve as old ones. VEDANTAM: Languages seem to have different ways of communicating agency. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. If you're studying a new language, you might discover these phrases not in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. And to arrive in a new place where you can't tell a joke and can't express an idea - oh, it's just really painful because you feel like your whole self is hiding inside and no one can see it. I'm shankar Vedantam in the 2002 rom com. A brief history of relationship research in social psychology, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of the History of Social Psychology, 2011. L. Gable, et. This is Hidden Brain. podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5zaW1wbGVjYXN0LmNvbS9rd1djMGxoZg==, open.spotify.com/show/20Gf4IAauFrfj7RBkjcWxh. Trusted by 5,200 companies and developers. Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. In this week's My Unsung Hero, Sarah Feldman thanks someone for their gift more than 20 years ago. Many people have this intuition that, oh, I could never learn that; I could never survive in a community like this. That's the way words are, too. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. What turns out to be the case is that it's something in between - that bilinguals don't really turn off the languages they're not using when they're not using them. This is Hidden Brain. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its somethi, It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. In English, actually, quite weirdly, we can even say things like, I broke my arm. In this month's Radio Replay, we ask whether the structure of the languages we speak can change the way we see the world. And there are all kinds of interesting, useful, eye-opening ideas that exist in all of the world's languages. something, even though it shouldn't be so much of an effort. VEDANTAM: For more HIDDEN BRAIN, you can find us on Facebook and Twitter. This week on Hidden Brain, we explore how unconscious bias can infect a culture and how a police shooting may say as much about a community as it does about individuals. For example, he might take a bunch of pictures of boys and girls and sort them and say, OK, this is a boy. And so somebody says something literally, somebody takes a point literally. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. And so what that means is if someone was sitting facing south, they would lay out the story from left to right. So I just think that it's something we need to check ourselves for. This week, in the second installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Todd Kashdan looks at the relationship between distress and happiness, and ho, Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. So you can think about an un-gendered person in the same way that I might think about a person without a specific age or specific height or specific color shirt. You can find the transcript for most episodes of Hidden Brain on our website. But what if it's not even about lust? Women under about 30 in the United States, when they're excited or they're trying to underline a point, putting uh at the end of things. We recommend movies or books to a friend. Languages are not just tools. So I think that nobody would say that they don't think language should change. And so for me, that question was born in that conversation of are there some languages where it's easier to imagine a person without their characteristics of gender filled in? The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment, by Soonhee Lee, Ronald D. Rogge, and Harry T. Reis, Psychological Science, 2010. Whats going on here? Yes! VEDANTAM: There are phrases in every language that are deeply evocative and often, untranslatable. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. And it ended up becoming less a direct reflection of hearty laughter than an indication of the kind of almost subconscious laughter that we do in any kind of conversation that's meant as friendly. Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. Please note that your continued use of the RadioPublic services following the posting of such changes will be deemed an acceptance of this update. VEDANTAM: Jennifer moved to Japan for graduate school. In this favorite 2021 episode, psychologist Adam Grant pushes back against the benefits of certainty, and describes the magic that unfolds when we challenge our own deeply-held beliefs. MCWHORTER: Yes, Shankar, that's exactly it. What a cynical thing to say, but that doesn't mean that it might not be true. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. So earlier things are on the left. Imagine this. If you take literally in what we can think of as its earliest meaning, the earliest meaning known to us is by the letter. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. Transcript Speaker 1 00:00:00 this is hidden brain. For more on decision-making, check out our episode on how to make wiser choices. And if people heard the sounds a little differently and produced them a little differently, if there were new meanings of words - very quickly whatever the original meaning was wouldn't be remembered. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its something we can develop from within. This week on Hidden Brain, we revisit a favorite episode exploring what this culture means Jesse always wanted to fall in love. As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. Hidden Brain: You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose on Apple Podcasts 51 min You 2.0: Cultivating Your Purpose Hidden Brain Social Sciences Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. in your textbooks but when you're hanging out with friends. al, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2004. We lobby a neighbor to vote for our favored political candidate. VEDANTAM: Would it be possible to use what we have learned about how words and languages evolve to potentially write what a dictionary might look like in 50 years or a hundred years? It's exactly how old English turned into modern English. If I give you a bunch of pictures to lay out and say this is telling you some kind of story and you - and they're disorganized, when an English speaker organizes those pictures, they'll organize them from left to right. ROB LOWE: (As Chris Traeger) Dr. Harris, you are literally the meanest person I have ever met. And then 10 years later when they're 49, you say, well, that picture of you at 39 is what you really are and whatever's happened to you since then is some sort of disaster or something that shouldn't have happened. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. So these speakers have internalized this idea from their language, and they believe that it's right. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. BORODITSKY: I spoke really terrible Indonesian at the time, so I was trying to practice. . But what I am thinking is, you should realize that even if you don't like it, there's nothing wrong with it in the long run because, for example, Jonathan Swift didn't like it that people were saying kissed instead of kiss-ed (ph) and rebuked instead of rebuk-ed (ph). Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. And I would really guess that in a few decades men will be doing it, too. If you liked . One study that I love is a study that asked monolingual speakers of Italian and German and also bilingual speakers of Italian and German to give reasons for why things are the grammatical genders that they are. Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. So act like Monday. Updated privacy policy: We have made some changes to our Privacy Policy. So you may start with moving your southwest leg in, but then you have to move your northeast leg out. And they asked me all kinds of questions about them. If you grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your native tongue without even thinking about it.