which of the following describes situational communication competence which of the following describes situational communication competence

Faridahs cumulative file holds a copy of the states language proficiency test, which she completed the previous spring. The student scratches his head and says, What do you mean? Avoid combining touch with negative criticism; a hand on the shoulder during a critical statement can increase a persons defensiveness and seem condescending or aggressive. Adapted from Bilingual books: Promoting literacy and biliteracy in the second-language and mainstream classroom by G. Ernst-Slavit and M. Mulhern. Reproduced with permission. I recommend that people doing phone interviews or speaking on the radio make an effort to gesture as they speak, even though people cant see the gestures, because it will make their words sound more engaging. Which of the following is an example of audience? literacy development in their native language. Since communication and speaking are a necessary part of life, identify some strategies you can use to manage those anxieties. Listening, however, is not a passive skill; it requires the active pursuit of meaning. What are your strengths and weaknesses? Some key components include motivation, self- and other knowledge, and tolerance for uncertainty. 1 (2009): 5476. Additionally, once the initial effort is put into improving your nonverbal encoding and decoding skills and those new skills are put into practice, people are encouraged by the positive reactions from others. CA is a common issue faced by many people, so you are not alone. When you reach the stage of unconscious competence, you just communicate successfully without straining to be competent. The research on deception and nonverbal communication indicates that heightened arousal and increased cognitive demands contribute to the presence of nonverbal behaviors that can be associated with deception. Adjusting leadership styles is based on the assumption that a. Followers' skills and motivation vary over time 7. Since infringements on others territory can arouse angry reactions and even lead to violence (think of the countless stories of neighbors fighting over a fence or tree), be sensitive to territorial markers. The Home Language: An English Language Learners Most Valuable Resource. Colorn Colorado! Communications Chapter 1 Quiz. Scenario 3. Think of a time when you were struggling in school/academic setting and could not hand in an assignment. One of the most common nonverbal signs of deception is speech errors. Communication departments are typically the only departments that address communication apprehension explicitly, which is important as CA is related to negative academic consequences such as negative attitudes toward school, lower over-all classroom achievement, lower final course grades, and higher college attrition rates (Allen, Hunter, & Donohue, 2009). Skilled decoders of nonverbal messages are said to have nonverbal sensitivity, which, very similarly to skilled encoders, leads them to have larger social networks, be more popular, and exhibit less social anxiety (Riggio, 1992). Some key components include motivation, self- and other knowledge, and tolerance for uncertainty. Reading Online, 7(2). Express ones knowledge and opinions to team members involved in patient care with confidence, clarity, & respect, working to ensure common understanding of information, treatment & care decisions. Congruent nonverbal communication is more credible and effective than ambiguous or conflicting nonverbal cues. . What can you do to start improving your communication competence? However, when Dad speaks to the children he does so in Urdu. If you attended a gathering at the home of a bilingual family, you might only use English while you were there. CA includes multiple forms of communication, not just public speaking. Competence obviously involves verbal and nonverbal elements, but it also applies to many situations and contexts. The following statements are about vertical integration. b. involves conflict. Listeners are expected to make more eye contact with the speaker than the speaker makes with them, so its important to listen with your eyes by maintaining eye contact, which signals attentiveness. make errors in one or more domains that generally do not interfere with communication. According the the text, communication competence MUST be both effective and appropriate.. We all face certain situations in which we communicate more competently than others; thinking about your own life, describe some of the types of situations in which you communicate less competently than others. In C. Williams, G. Lewis, and C. Baker (Eds. The first part of the definition we will unpack deals with knowledge. Since facial expressions are often subconscious, they may be an indicator of incongruency within a speakers message, and you may need to follow up with questions or consider contextual clues to increase your understanding. New York: Oxford University Press. Think of a time when a friend had a baby and you are sharing the news with a mutual friend. In modern times, communication scholars and teachers have worked hard to understand and describe what it means to be a competent communicator. Some nonverbal scholars and many nonverbal skill trainers have tried to catalog nonverbal communication like we do verbal communication to create dictionary-like guides that people can use to interpret nonverbal signals. The third part of the definition we will unpack is ability to adapt to various contexts. One is given a picture. When assessing the proficiency levels of ELLs, it is important to take into account an individual students performances in each domain. . Since looking away also signals cognitive activity, they may be processing information, and you may need to pause and ask if they need a second to think or if they need you to repeat or explain anything more. Im just like you. Mirroring evolved as an important social function in that it allowed early humans to more easily fit in with larger groups. Leaders must adapt to the situation . There are at least three general types of communication goals: 1) Self Presentation Goals (who we are and how we want to be perceived), 2) Relational Goals (how we develop, maintain, and terminate relationships), and Pike, K.L. Nonverbal cues account for much of the content from which we form initial impressions, so its important to know that people make judgments about our identities and skills after only brief exposure. These attempts to better . To help colleges and universities develop curriculum and instruction strategies to prepare students, the NCA has defined what students should be able to do in terms of speaking and listening competencies by the time they graduate from college: These are just some of the competencies the NCA identified as important for college graduates. Avoid startling/surprising another person with your touch. McCroskey, J. C., Communication Comptence: The Elusive Construct, in Competence in Communication: A Multidisciplinary Approach, ed. Verbal fillers are often used subconsciously and can negatively affect your credibility and reduce the clarity of your message when speaking in more formal situations. Language, identity, and the ownership of English. Competent communication means. Check examples of state English language proficiency standards for K12 education on the website for the state of California at http://www.cde.ca.gov/be/st/ss/documents/englangdevstnd.pdf; Each will be defined below. have occasional difficulty with complex structures and abstract academic concepts. Goffman, E., Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2010), 32231. Competence is the ability to do something well. 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, 5.4 Listenable Messages and Effective Feedback, 6.1 Principles of Interpersonal Communication, 6.2 Conflict and Interpersonal Communication, 6.3 Emotions and Interpersonal Communication, 6.4 Self-Disclosure and Interpersonal Communication, 8.2 Exploring Specific Cultural Identities, 8.4 Intercultural Communication Competence, 9.2 Researching and Supporting Your Speech, 10.2 Delivery Methods and Practice Sessions, 12.1 Speaking in Personal and Civic Contexts, 14.1 Leadership and Small Group Communication, 14.3 Problem Solving and Decision Making in Groups, 15.1 Technological Advances: From the Printing Press to the iPhone, 15.2 Functions and Theories of Mass Communication, 16.3 New Media, the Self, and Relationships. Each educational program is designed for a different practice site. This module uses many of the educational materials provided by AHRQ. Even close proximity doesnt necessarily facilitate interaction. In most cases, we can consciously decide to work on our deficiencies, which may take considerable effort. Apply the concepts we are learning to your life and find ways to make this class help you achieve your goals. (Eds. Williams, C. 1996. b. receptive accuracy whereby you can detect, decode, and comprehend signals in your social environment. When breaches of personal space occur, it is a social norm to make nonverbal adjustments such as lowering our level of immediacy, changing our body orientations, and using objects to separate ourselves from others. CAN DO Descriptors depict what students can do with language at different levels of language proficiency. Listen actively, and encourage ideas and opinions of other team members. McKay, M., Martha Davis, and Patrick Fanning, Messages: Communication Skills Book, 2nd ed. Getting Started on Your Road to Communication Competence, The Getting Competent boxes throughout this book are meant to help you become a more confident and skilled communicator. In verbal communication, how is emotion expressed? 1 (2010): 72. While it doesnt always mean a person is being honest, displaying palms is largely unconsciously encoded and decoded as a sign of openness and truthfulness. In order to put that commonsense knowledge to competent use, we must have a more nuanced understanding of how conflict and interpersonal communication relate and know some conflict management strategies. We will learn more about speaking anxiety in Chapter 12 Public Speaking in Various Contexts. Give timely, sensitive, instructive feedback to others about their performance on the team, responding respectfully as a team member to feedback from others. This predisposition can lead us to focus on nonverbal cues while overlooking verbal signals of deception. This perspective views bilinguals and multilinguals not as possessing two or more autonomous language systems, but as users of a unitary linguistic repertoire where they sort and select whatever resources are needed to make meaning and to communicate with others. If a student is talking to his professor about his performance in the class and concerns about his grade, the professor may lean forward and nod, encoding a combination of a body orientation and a head movement that conveys attention. Be aware of the multichannel nature of nonverbal communication. A) feedback. Beginner speakers can often reduce their use of verbal fillers noticeably over just a short period of time. Translanguaging and Protected Spaces in a Dual Language Classroom: Tensions Across Restrictionist Policies and Unrestricted Practices. Mark L. Knapp and Kerry J. Daly (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002): 33973. Suddenly the picture of a bumbling juggler (with himself in the lead role) trying to add one more item to his routine sprang into his mind. We all know areas where we could improve our communication, and taking this class will probably expose even more. What are your strengths as a communicator? Practice and get feedback from a trusted source. Students can read or have someone read to them the L1 version of a book in order to understand its content. Although we put more weight on nonverbal communication than verbal when trying to detect deception, there is no set guide that can allow us to tell whether or not another person is being deceptive. We will learn more specifics about nonverbal communication in relational, professional, and cultural contexts in Section 4.1 Principles and Functions of Nonverbal Communication, but we can also gain insight into how to interpret nonverbal cues through personal contexts. In addition, many of the suggestions in the section on encoding competence can be adapted usefully to decoding. What anxieties do you have regarding communication and/or public speaking? We typically decode people putting their hands in their pocket as a gesture that indicates shyness or discomfort. and Texas at http://ipsi.utexas.edu/EST/files/standards/ELPS/ELPS.pdf b. intrapersonal communication. So the nonverbal behaviors that we associate with deception dont actually stem from the deception but the attempts to control the leakage that results from the cognitive and physiological changes. Avoiding eye contact or shifting your eye contact from place to place can lead others to think you are being deceptive or inattentive. Bilingual Research Journal. Question number 18 Which of the following describes situational communication competence? The English language proficiency (ELP) standards developed by TESOL provide a model of the process of language acquisition that can be adapted by districts and states within the context of their own language leveling system (see Figure 2.4 for these standards). State English language proficiency (ELP) standards (e.g., Washington state ELPs at http://www.k12.wa.us/MigrantBilingual/ELD.aspx ) or multistate ELPs (e.g., TESOLs 2006 PreK12 English language proficiency Standards, or WIDAs 2012 English language development standards at https://wida.wisc.edu/sites/default/files/resource/2012-ELD-Standards.pdf) provide helpful guidance for teaching content across the four language domains. Public speaking anxiety is type of CA that produces physiological, cognitive, and behavioral reactions in people when faced with a real or imagined presentation (Bodie, 2010). Whether or not we achieve our day-to-day communication goals depends on our communication competence. Rudi was determined to do just that. View the first section(called "Late Reception") of the following AHRQ video,Poor Teamwork in the Medical Office and identify communication problems. (1982). You cant literally die of embarrassment. Audiences are forgiving and understanding. But many of us avoid confronting what is causing conflict in our relationships even though we know its better to talk about our problems than to let them build up. True False b. Vertical integration is one of the key elements of corporate strategy. English learners engage in oral communication in a variety of situations for a variety of purposes and audiences in a wide array of social, cultural, and academic contexts. a. Vertical integration describes a situation in which a firm enters into activities where it is its own supplier and/or customer. This information is pivotal when planning appropriate instruction for ELLs. This knowledge helps the communicator know what to communicate and, more important, how, when, and where to communicate something. Keep in mind that the following tips arent hard and fast rules and are usually more meaningful when adapted according to a specific person or context. Which of the following is NOT true of communication in the health care? The notion of. Intercultural communication competence (ICC) is the ability to communicate effectively and appropriately in various cultural contexts. Of course, as nonverbal cues are layered on, they may contradict other signals, in which case we can turn to context clues to aid our interpretation. Think of a time when you overspent this month and you are talking with your significant other about how we will pay bills this month. B) stimulation. For example, you might know strategies for being an effective speaker, but public speaking anxiety that kicks in when you get in front of the audience may prevent you from fully putting that knowledge into practice. When one person leans to the left the next person in line may also lean to the left, and this shift in posture may continue all the way down the line to the end, until someone else makes another movement and the whole line shifts again. A politician is questioned by a reporter about allegations that she used taxpayer money to fund personal vacations. When did the field of intercultural communication begin in the United States? As you build a repertoire of communication knowledge based on your experiential and classroom knowledge, you will also be developing behavioral competence. So when I talk about . c. requires cognitive complexity. I did look at several websites, but I didnt directly quote anything so I didnt think I needed to put the citations in parentheses. As he says this, he rubs the back of his neck and then scratches his face and only makes minimal eye contact with the professor. A large study found that people were better able to detect deception by sound alone than they were when exposed to both auditory and visual cues (Andersen, 1999). Native culture is the term often used to refer to the culture acquired first in life by a person or the culture that this individual identifies with as a group member. Also realize that the norms and expectations for sending nonverbal messages, especially touch and personal space, vary widely between relational and professional contexts. Think about the English learners you know. Kevin Trotman You Lie! According to this theory, the most effective leaders are those that are able to adapt their style to the situation and look at cues such as the type of task, the . Although this may be disappointing to those of you reading who like to think of yourselves as human lie detectors, there are some forces working against our deception detecting abilities. A lack of communication and social relationships can case a range of physical and mental illnesses. Health Sciences Campus. We have already defined communication, and you probably know that to be competent at something means you know what youre doing. Which words and phrases fit with this setting and topic? Communication apprehension (CA) refers to fear or anxiety experienced by a person due to real or imagined communication with another person or persons. Vocal variety increases listener and speaker engagement, understanding, information recall, and motivation. New York and London: Routledge. Alexia, a medical assistant, explains to Mrs. Philips that the medication is to be taken once a day with a full glass of water. Vogel, S., & Garca, O. Where you choose to sit can also impact perceived characteristics and leadership decisions. This is likely due to the fact that people who are more nonverbally expressive are also more attention getting and engaging and make people feel more welcome and warm due to increased immediacy behaviors, all of which enhance perceptions of charisma. Listening. While Urdu was the home language mentioned in the census and in the childrens school records, in this household there is not one home language but a full range of language practices used fluidly according to the speaker, purpose, and context (Ernst-Slavit, 2018). In writing, they are able to generate . Prepare enough envelopes for participant pairs. Identify good and poorcommunication and situational monitoring techniques. According to Garcia (2011), rather than looking at two separate languages, translanguaging avows that bilinguals have one linguistic repertoire from which they select diverse features strategically to communicate effectively (Garcia, 2011). a. What information do you still need to obtain? What aspects of communication do you think are common sense? What aspects of communication do you think require more formal instruction and/or study? This program is called TeamSTEPPS. How would you do this differently to improve communication? In short, you cant read peoples nonverbal communication like a book, and there are no A-to-Z guides that capture the complexity of nonverbal communication (DePaulo, 1992). Active listening, for example, combines good cognitive listening practices with outwardly visible cues that signal to others that we are listening. Select if they are true or false. Sorry. As he says, Sorry, he raises both of his hands, with his palms facing toward you, and shrugs. Our cognitive activity increases when we have to decide whether to engage in deception or not, which often involves some internal debate. Pratt, K., & Ernst-Slavit, G. (in press). During my years as a restaurant server I got pretty good at knowing what tables to engage with and schmooze a little more to get a better tip. These forms include expressing meaning through drawing, symbols, and/or text. What dose a receiver do to decode a message? Ethics in the communication competence model is. Recognize that some environments facilitate communication and some do not. Following the suggestions to become a better encoder of nonverbal communication will lead to better decoding competence through increased awareness. . They later told us that they were amazed at how we stood, threw our bags, and shifted position between rounds in unison. The United States falls into this general category, but there are people who were socialized into these norms who as individuals deviate from them and touch more and stand closer to others while conversing.